A rash means a change in the appearance and/or texture of human skin.
Different diseases cause different types of skin lesions. And the first crucial step is to determine what type of lesion is presented.
We will discuss the most common type of rash.
Papules.
Papules are raised, solid lesions, a well-defined bump in the skin, less than 5 mm in diameter.
Papules can be different colors, from flash colors to blue, red, black or yellow.
Papules may be present in fungal infections, eczema, psoriasis and secondary syphilis.
Macules.
The macules are flat, without elevation or depression, therefore non-palpable lesions, well or poorly defined. Large macules are called plaques.
Macules are: vitiligo, moles, freckles, sun spots and age spots.
Platelets.
The plaques can be described as large papules measuring less than 5 mm. or flat, plateau-like lesions.
Plaque can be caused by:
Eczema, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, ringworm and tinea versicolor.
Nodules.
Nodules measure more than 5 mm in diameter and are more rounded lesions. The nodules look like large papules.
Nodules can form on tendons and muscles in response to injury.
Also common on the vocal cords. They occur in conditions such as endometriosis, neurofibromatosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Papules.
Papules (urticaria, urticaria) – are papules or plaques, with red, raised, itchy bumps. they are pink in color and transient. Most of them will disappear within 24 hours. Less than 5% of cases last more than six weeks. Hives commonly occur as a result of an infection or allergic reaction.
Vesicles.
Circumscribed vesicles 5 mm in diameter, raised lesions filled with fluid. Common examples of blistering are infections: herpes simplex (herpes labialis, genital herpes) and chickenpox.
Bubbles
The bubbles resemble vesicles but are larger in diameter. More than 5mm.
Friction is one of the most common causes of bubbles.
Pustules.
Pustules are vesicles containing purulent exudate.
acne and folliculitis are classic examples of pustule formation.
Purpura.
Purpura is a flat lesion caused by bleeding in the skin.
If the purpura is less than 3 mm. it is called petechiae. And if it is greater than 3 mm, we speak of a bruise.
Palpable purpura is due to inflammation of the vessel wall.
An ulcer is a skin lesion extensive at least in the upper layer of the dermis.
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